Oct4 is a key transcription factor involved in cellular reprogramming and balances the pluripotent and differentiated states in stem cell and cancer development.30 Sox2 is critical in maintaining self-renewal of ESCs.31 CD44 is an outstanding marker of CSCs that is overexpressed in different kinds of cancer stem cells.32 We found that these genes were also significantly increased in combination group (Figure 6e). This evidence concerns the gene SOX2 and cancer.