HSPA5 and cancer: GRP78 overexpression is associated with higher tumor grades and reduced patients’ survival.48, 53, 57, 59, 61, 65, 67 In experimental models including tumor cell lines and mouse tumor xenografts, GRP78 was also shown to have an important role in regulating cancer hallmarks (Table 2).46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 For example, GRP78 regulates tumor cell proliferation and migration.47, 59, 65