Fifty-two patients were studied with PVC but no manifestations of heart failure and no digoxin or beta-blocker therapy and showed that patients with PVC in LOWN class III and IV had BNP concentrations triple than those in LOWN class I and II (57.2 versus 18.1 pg/mL, P<0.01) and suggested that the BNP elevation could be a response to abnormal wall stress from the severe ventricular arrhythmias (29). Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.