TNF and Sepsis: In the current study, CLP-induced sepsis caused lethal destruction to animal's cardiac function, which was associated with significantly altered hemodynamics (i.e., lowered MABP, dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin, LVSP, and increased LVEDP), hyperinflammatory response (i.e., upregulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and cardiotoxicity (i.e., increased CK-MB and LDH) due to cell death in the myocardium.