Thus, our study shows for the first time, that chemoresistance to IM developed in CML cells through interaction with the microenvironment stromal cells and was dependent on adhesion mediators such as actin cytoskeleton, ERK1/2 MAPK and SMAD signaling (Fig. 9). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.