Cytokine protein arrays showed that the levels of several cytokines, including sICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-16, CXCL10, MCP-1, CXCL9, and TIMP-1, were upregulated (≥50-fold) in the colitis-induced PBS-treated group compared with those in the normal healthy control group. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and colitis.