TLR4 and bacterial infectious disease: To explore in detail the genetic inter-relationship between SJs and the Toll and Imd pathways we investigated double mutants for either spz2ca1 with NrxIV or cora and RelE20 with NrxIV or cora. These double mutants showed induction of both plasmatocyte and crystal cell differentiation and increased hemocyte dispersal in 12 hr APF pupa both before and after bacterial infection (Figure 8a–a’’,c–e and Figure 8—figure supplement 1b,b’,d–e’,f–f’’ and i–m).