Enhanced TGF-β production was found in patients suffering from idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [20], renal fibrosis [21] or liver cirrhosis [22], while mice overexpressing active TGF-β1 developed diseases characterized by fibrosis, such as progressive cardiac hypertrophy [23] or hepatic injury [24]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.