ATG16L1 and Sepsis: It have also been demonstrated that macrophages deficient in the autophagy proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1 showed markedly higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after lipopolysaccharide stimulation21, 22, and defects in these autophagy-related proteins was correlated with an increased septic response and lethality in murine modes of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture23–25.