MAPK8 and malignant colon neoplasm: Chuan-Ming Xie et al. found bufalin induced human colon cancer cells (SW620) apoptosis by activation of autophagy through reactive oxygen species generation and JNK activation, which was evidenced by the accumulation of LC3-II, and increased levels of ATG5 and Beclin-1 (Xie et al., 2011).