Significantly increased levels of IL-6 have also been demonstrated in patients with CRS compared to controls,[42,43,44,45,46,47] and IL-8 levels have been previously shown to correlate with nasal symptoms in acute respiratory infections and in patients with CRS.[48,49] IL-8 is also increased in the sinonasal mucosal tissue and nasal discharge of patients with CRS relative to controls [47,50] and positively correlated with radiographic evidence of CRS-specific disease severity as well.[51] Taken together, our findings are consistent with what has been previously identified in CRS. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and congenital rubella syndrome.