TSPYL5 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Out of the 10 hypermethylated genes, we focused on TSPYL5 (Fig 3A) since it was shown to be hypermethylated in various types of cancers including glioma[13], glioblastoma[13], astrocytomas[13], gastric cancer[11], esophageal squamous cell carcinomas[14], hepatocellular carcinoma[19] and endometrial cancer[20].