It has been reported that enzalutamide can promote prostate cancer metastasis via the TGF-β1/smad3/MMP9 axis.28 Since this axis plays important role in EMT, we decided to test whether enzalutamide can induce EMT and whether metformin can counteract enzalutamide-induced EMT. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and Familial prostate cancer.