Moreover, the IHC staining of SMAD3 indicated that SMAD3 was also upregulated in BCa tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P=0.010, Figures 3e and f), and was negatively correlated with miR-323a-3p (r2=0.09142, P=0.0411, Supplementary Figure S3B). The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is neoplasm.