SMAD2 and neoplasm: Genome-wide expression profile of BCa suggested that high expression of SMAD3 indicates a poor overall survival and is significantly associated with increase in tumor invasive depth.46 Dephosphorylate p-Smad2/3 induced by PPM1A has been confirmed to inhibit the EMT progression of BCa.47 All above indicates that SMAD3 as an important regulator may be involved in the EMT progression of BCa.