All known mammalian TLR except TLR3 use MyD88-dependent pathways, whereas TLR3 exclusively activates TRIF-dependent pathways, and TLR4 is unique in this regard as it can use all four adapter proteins (TRAM, TRIF, TIRAP, MyD88) to signal infection and injury via both pathways [133]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is infection.