In the presence of infection, somecytokines such as interleukin-1B (IL-1B), IL-6 andtumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are produced.If this is followed with uncontrolled activation ofTLR pathways, it may lead to over-production ofthese cytokines and manifestation of autoimmunedisorders, and consequently sterility in males. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.