In the univariate analyses, a tumour size of >8 cm, multiple tumour number, poor tumour differentiation, vascular invasion, BCLC stage B and C, AFP (>20 ng/ml), ALT (>40 U/L), SII (>330), ALRI (>25.2), and NγLR (>103.6) were identified as significant prognostic factors of poor OS and PFS, whereas received NAs as antiviral treatment was associated with better OS and PFS in the training cohort (all P < 0.05) (Table 3 and Supplementary Table S1). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is neoplasm.