Recent studies support the notion that CdGAP is a positive modulator of breast cancer metastasis via two potential mechanisms: (i) CdGAP expression acts as a co-repressor of E-cadherin transcription15 and (ii) CdGAP levels are increased in ErbB2-transformed mammary tumour explants where it participates in TGF-β-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and invasion16. Here, ARHGAP31 is linked to breast cancer.