As a negative regulator involved in innate immunity, along with induction of kinase activity of IRAK1/4 during infection, IRAK-M interacts with IRAK4 to induce transcription of downstream inhibitors such as A20, IĸBα, SOCS-1 and SHIP, to prevent radical immune pathology of the host [14, 18]. The gene discussed is IRAK3; the disease is infection.