CCL2 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: It is noteworthy that irrespective of exogenous cytokine stimulation via LPS or TNFα, pseudopterosins are able to significantly reduce endogenous release of at least two cytokines in the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells (IL-6 1.2-fold, IL-8 1.4-fold, MCP-1 1.4-fold) (Figure 2C).