HIF1A and thanatophoric dysplasia: In conclusion, our results show that the expression and secretion of HIF-1α and angiogenesis-related genes in tibial growth plates are inhibited by thiram, leading to suppression of vessel formation in the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone through coordinated down-regulation of HIF-1α and the VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway, which are closely associated with TD.