TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In contrast, no significant difference was found between ALS patients and disease control subjects (Hedges’ g = 0.201; 95% CI, −0.106 to 0.509; p = 0.2) for blood TNF-α levels, and the disease control group did not show significant between-study heterogeneity (Q3 = 4.949; P = 0.176; I2 = 39.377).