Changes in the catecholamine system including altered tyrosine hydroxylase activity17, 18, loss of parvalbumin-positive neurons19, 20, and dysfunction of NMDA receptors9, 17, 21, 22 have been observed in post-mortem brains of patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders as well as in animal models. This evidence concerns the gene PVALB and schizophrenia.