VEGFA and neoplasm: In support of this, various studies have demonstrated that the initial esophageal inflammatory lesion induced by the parasites and its subsequent progression to neoplasia is associated with changes in C-reactive protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin 8 concentrations [3, 7–9].