During a mean 8.1 years of follow-up, both non-HDL cholesterol (HR per 1-SD (95% CI); 1.13 (1.05–1.23), P = 0.002) and estimated apoB (HR per 1-SD (95% CI); 1.14 (1.05–1.24), P = 0.001) showed a similar performance in predicting future CVD independent of age, sex, waist circumference, current smoking, and presence of diabetes and hypertension; however, LDL cholesterol level was not predictive of future CVD (HR per 1-SD (95% CI); 1.07 (0.99–1.16), P = 0.08). The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.