The finding that neural cancer stemness correlates with a clear signaling preference for either Akt or ERK following EGFRviii activation suggests that the dependency of GBM for either Akt or ERK may depend on the expression of LAMTOR3. TCGA analysis revealed that LAMTOR3 expression in GBM patients was significantly higher when accompanied by gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, and was correlated with poor prognosis (Fig. 7). Here, EGFR is linked to glioblastoma.