The gene encoding the adaptor protein, MYD88, which mediates NF-κB and MAPK activation downstream of all TLRs, with the exception of TLR3 [117], is recurrently mutated in haematological malignancies, such as DLBCL, WM and CLL, where it induces constitutive NF-κB and STAT3 activation, thereby promoting cancer-cell survival and oncogenesis [117,118]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.