Ginsenosides Rd and Re as ingredients of RGE were reported to inhibit inflammation in a novel model of Parkinson's disease [29]; gRb1 as a main ingredient of RGE was shown to attenuate microglia-induced neuronal damage [30]; and ginsenoside Rg3, a putative metabolite of gRb1, was demonstrated to inhibit activation of microglia after systemic LPS treatment [31]. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3R1 and Parkinson disease.