IL4R and infection: To determine whether IL-4Rα mediated signaling is required throughout the course of experimental schistosomiasis, IL-4Rα was knocked down in S. mansoni-infected RosaCreERT2-/+IL-4Rα-/lox mice at the early acute (Tamoxifen administration at 2 weeks post-infection termed Tam2), late acute (Tamoxifen administration at 6 weeks post-infection termed Tam6) and chronic phase (Tamoxifen administration at 16 weeks post-infection termed Tam16) (Fig 3A), as previously defined [3].