Surprisingly, the diagnostic efficiency of APAR for distinguishing HCC from CHB in patients with normal AFP (0.839, Fig. 3H) come top among its diagnostic ability to distinguish HCC from CHB in sets with entire range of AFP (0.815 in the training set, Fig. 3B; 0.831 in the validation set, Fig. 3D) or in set with low or normal AFP (<100 ng/mL) (0.817, Fig. 3F). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.