PTGS2 and cancer: Hirsutenone (73) inhibited the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in human breast epithelial cells, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different kinds of cancer [110].