NFKB1 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Indeed, constitutive activation of NF-κB p65 (RelA) has been demonstrated in 67% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which raises the possibility that it may itself be an oncogene playing a critical role in pancreatic tumorigenesis [48] Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that ras activates the NOX system to produce O2●−, which then leads to the activation of downstream signal transduction pathways, and ultimately cell proliferation.