STAT3 and prostate carcinoma: STAT3 inhibition suppresses prostate cancer cell growth.165–167 Conversely, STAT3 activation negatively affects overall survival rates168 and shortens relapse-free survival (RFS).169 Ninety five percent of metastatic samples taken from patients who died of castration-resistant prostate cancer were positive for pSTAT3, with the highest expression seen in bone metastases samples.170 Collectively, this supports the crucial role of pSTAT3 in prostate cancer aggressiveness and progression.