Although specific inhibitors of NF-κB signaling previously were a hot topic in cancer research, little activity has occurred in this field recently.148–150 Its ubiquitous nature has far-reaching, unintended effects on healthy cells when direct inhibition is attempted.147, 148 In clinical settings, NF-κB signaling is inhibited indirectly by blocking the degradation of IκBα with a proteasome inhibitor such as bortezomib.149–151. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.