STAT3 inhibition suppresses prostate cancer cell growth.165–167 Conversely, STAT3 activation negatively affects overall survival rates168 and shortens relapse-free survival (RFS).169 Ninety five percent of metastatic samples taken from patients who died of castration-resistant prostate cancer were positive for pSTAT3, with the highest expression seen in bone metastases samples.170 Collectively, this supports the crucial role of pSTAT3 in prostate cancer aggressiveness and progression. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and Familial prostate cancer.