HK1 and cancer: Additional roles of this region in VDAC1 oligomerization and regulation of apoptosis (16, 51) are presented below (see VDAC1 Homo-Oligomer Forming the Cyto c Release Pathway) and as the binding site for HK, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL (see VDAC1-Based Peptides As Potential Anti-Cancer Therapy).