TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: As determined in this latter cellular model, IFNβ directs STAT1 binding to a critical regulatory site within the murine iNOS promoter (−912 to −1,029 bp relative to the TSS) (8, 9), a process that, in Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells, demanded simultaneous pro-inflammatory signaling by IL-1β/TNFα.