ESR1 and breast carcinoma: PTP activation caused by GnRH also inhibits G-protein βγ subunit-mediated Src/MMP/HB-EGF signaling cascade of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER, GPR-30), which is a membrane-bound receptor for estrogens, which plays an important role in breast cancers, which do not show expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) (100–103).