In the monocytes of type 1 (Devaraj et al., 2008) and type 2 (Dasu et al., 2010) diabetes patients, levels of TLR2, TLR4, and other TLR-signaling components (e.g., MyoD88 and NF-κB) were increased. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.