Therefore, IL-17A was found to be a suitable tool for early identification of patients with a fungal infection as assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-analyses (ROC-area under the curve (AUC) for patients with a fungal infection vs. non-infected patients (i.e., patients without any fungal isolates + colonized patients) e.g., at T0: 0.714; Cut-Off 14.165 pg/mL → Sens. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is fungal infectious disease.