JAK2 and neoplasm: To assess the role of TGF-β and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in tumor formation in vivo, six-week-old BALB/c athymic nude mice (n = 5 mice/group) were injected subcutaneously with CMT-167 (2 × 106/mouse), or CMT-167 (2 × 106) + MFs (2 × 106) per mouse.