PARK7 and inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder: If PD cytopathology accompanying DJ-1 deficiency is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, it should phenocopy the outcomes of mitochondrial disease in D. discoideum; these include slow growth, impaired slug phototaxis and defective fruiting body morphology, but no changes in phagocytosis or pinocytosis (except in some isolated respiratory complex deficiencies; Francione et al., 2011; Annesley et al., 2014).