NHPs present lung cavitation [38]; show a spectrum of disease overlapping that of humans, namely, with the establishment of latent TB infection [38]; display a susceptibility to TB in the presence of comorbidities such as HIV and anti—tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment similar to that reported in humans [39, 40]; and present a transcriptomic signature of disease comparable to the human one [41]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is tuberculosis.