MLXIPL and liver cancer: We previously reported that AGEs increased human liver cancer HepG2 cell proliferation when compared to the BSA control-treated cells under the 0 mM and 5.6 mM glucose conditions.[15] We chose to study HepG2 cells because ChREBP and RAGE were expressed in this liver cancer cell line.[29,30] To further determine whether AGEs could induce HepG2 cell proliferation, we labeled AGEs-treated HepG2 cells with BrdU and used flow cytometry to observe cell cycle.