INS and Abdominal obesity: Type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity had higher postprandial AUCs for insulin (LSMD = 86.987, 95% CI = 37.421–136.553, F = 16.739, P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (LSMD = 37.456, 95% CI = 16.312–58.600, F = 27.012, P < 0.05) than those without abdominal obesity (Fig. 2e–f).