GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): In the study by Mathanga et al [42], after adjusting for confounders in a multivariate analysis, parasitaemia in 2008 vs 2005 in children attending well child clinic (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.22, 0.46) was equivalent to that in the same age strata in the population (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.30, 0.52), and this was similar for anaemia (Hb<8.0d/dl) in this EAG (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.65, 1.65) compared to the population (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.59, 0.94).