Indeed, several inhibitors of BRAF and MEK are now approved for the treatment of BRAF-driven melanoma (e.g. the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib, dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib)4–6 and many more are in development for use either as single agents or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs7. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and melanoma.