To confirm that H. pylori activates a TIFA-mediated inflammatory response and that it is dependent on the cag-T4SS, we cocultured H. pylori with HCT116 cells, a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line that, like AGS cells, expresses the α5β1 integrin required for cag-T4SS attachment and CagA translocation (30, 31) and has a functional TIFA signaling pathway (28). This evidence concerns the gene TIFA and colorectal adenocarcinoma.