Treatment with AnxA1 (or the peptide Ac2-26 derived from its N-terminal end comprising residues 2–26 of AnxA1), which maintains the anti-inflammatory activity of AnxA1 protein, has been reported to provide protection against a range of animal models of inflammatory diseases, such as endotoxemia, colitis, arthritis, and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the heart, liver, kidney, and brain [2]. The gene discussed is ANXA1; the disease is arthritic joint disease.