In contrast to the strong reduction in risk of HPV16-associated cervical cancer seen in HLA-B*15 carriers, no association was seen with this allele and HPV18-associated cervical cancer (OR = 1.00, P = 0.99; comparing HLA-B*15 counts in HPV16 and HPV18-associated cancers OR = 0.53, P = 0.013). The gene discussed is HLA-B; the disease is cervical carcinoma.