An independent HLA Class I haplotype tagged primarily by HLA-B*15 was strongly associated with reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma and HPV16-associated cervical cancer but had only marginal association with adenocarcinoma (P = 0.039) and no association with HPV18-associated cervical cancer (P = 0.95). The gene discussed is HLA-B; the disease is adenocarcinoma.