Since the glutamate-cysteine antiporter xCT has a pivotal role in the development of brain edema connected to malignant glioma, upstream regulators of xCT are clinically vital candidates for neuroprotective intervention strategies.16 Nrf2 is the key regulator and transcription factor of xCT and therefore one could suggest that the poorer survival rate of patients with high Nrf2 expression might be at least in part due to glioma cell growth and a toxic tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is SLC7A11; the disease is glioma.