CFTR and infection: Dysfunctions of CFTR Cl− channels, categorized as shown in Figure 1 [6], cause infection of bacteria and viruses due to little or lack of water secretion driven by Cl− secretion through the CFTR Cl− channel in epithelial tissues [7] as well as other disorders in non-epithelial tissues, such as pancreatic insulin-secreting β cells [6,8].